Any number of ways actually. Generally too much fuel/too little airflow, which usually happens in low level wind shear or other sudden weather event. There are limits. Temp x time must = < manufacturer number. Sounds like this one was pretty short, so probably okay, but inspection is required.
In related news, the airplane they sent to be the rescue plane and to bring us parts and tools did the exact same thing, so now we're boroscoping two engines.
Sounds like the carb needs rejetting.