Selected the ones I found important to know of in the Lebanese/Israeli/Palestinian conflicts.
I picked those out of consideration for:
* The first obvioius thing is of course the civilians,
* What infrastructure may and may not be damaged,
* When do you have the right to start a war,
This is what www.genevaconventions.org says:
"area bombardments
Area bombardments occur when a number of clearly separated military objectives are treated as a single military objective, and where there is a similar concentration of civilians or civilian objects. ( Protocol I, Art. 51 , Sec. 5a)
Area bombardments and other indiscriminate attacks are forbidden. ( Protocol I, Art. 57, Sec. 2b)
An indiscriminate attack affecting the civilian population or civilian objects and resulting in excessive loss of life, injury to civilians or damage to civilian objects is a grave breach of the Geneva Conventions. ( Protocol I, Art. 85, Sec. 3)"
"carpet bombing
Area bombardments and other indiscriminate attacks are forbidden. If it becomes apparent that an objective is not a military one, or if an attack is expected to cause incidental loss of civilian life, injury to civilians or damage to civilian objects then the attack must be canceled or suspended. (Protocol I, Art. 57, Sec. 2b)
An indiscriminate attack affecting the civilian population or civilian objects and resulting in excessive loss of life, injury to civilians or damage to civilian objects is a grave breach of the Geneva Conventions. (Protocol I, Art. 85, Sec. 3)"
"civilian
A civilian is any person who does not belong to any of the following categories: members of the armed forces, militias or volunteer corps, organized resistance movements, and residents of an occupied territory who spontaneously take up arms. If there is any doubt whether a person is civilian, then he or she is to be considered a civilian. (Protocol I, Art. 50, Sec. 1)"
"civilian population
The civilian population comprises all persons who are civilians. (Protocol I, Art. 50, Sec. 2)
The civilian population is protected under the Geneva Conventions and these protections are not affected by the presence of combatants in the population. (Protocol I, Art. 50, Sec. 3)
These protections include the right to be free from attacks, reprisals, acts meant to instill terror, and indiscriminate attacks. Civilian populations must not be used as civilian shields. (Protocol I, Art. 51)"
"civilian property
Combatants must distinguish between civilian and military property and attack only military property. (Protocol I, Art. 48)"
"civilian shields
Civilians must not be used to protect military installations or operations against attacks. (Protocol I, Art. 51, Sec. 7)"
"civilians, imprisonment of
Civilians who commit an offense against an occupying power which does not include an attempt against the lives of members of the occupying force or administration, pose a grave collective danger, or seriously damage property or installations of the occupying power may only be punished by internment or imprisonment. (Convention IV, Art. 68)
If civilians in an occupied territory are charged with an offense that carries a punishment of to two or more years of imprisonment, their protecting power must be notified immediately. If the notification is not received at least three weeks before the first hearing, the trial shall not proceed. (Convention IV, Art. 71)"
-Maybe we got the answer to why there are thousands of untrialed Lebanese and Palestinians in Isreali prisons.
"collateral damage
Weapons, projectiles and methods of warfare that cause superfluous injury or unnecessary suffering are prohibited. (Protocol I, Art. 35, Sec. 2)"
"collective penalties
Civilians must not be punished for offenses that they personally did not commit. Collective penalties, intimidation and penalties against civilian populations are prohibited. (Convention IV, Art. 33)"
"crimes against humanity
War crimes are againt the customary laws of war which are applicable in any conflict, regardless of whether the country in question is a signatory to the Geneva Convention. They include the rights listed in the common article 3 of the Geneva Conventions (Convention I, Article 3) and the basics of human rights law freedom from torture, mutilation and rape, slavery, and willful killing. Customary law also forbids genocide, crimes against humanity, as well as war crimes."
"customary law
Laws of war which are applicable in any conflict, regardless of whether the country in question is a signatory to the Geneva Convention. They include the rights listed in the common article 3 of the Geneva Conventions (Convention I, Article 3) and the basics of human rights law freedom from torture, mutilation and rape, slavery, and willful killing. Customary law also forbids genocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes."
"death squads
Murder of civilians is prohibited, as is sentencing and executions without benefit of a regularly constituted court affording all guarantees recognized as indispensable by civilized peoples. (Convention I, Art. 3, Sec. 1)"
"declaration of war
A declaration of war is not required in order for the Geneva Conventions to apply."
"drinking water
Attacks against civilian drinking water installation and irrigation works are prohibited. (Protocol I, Art. 54, Sec. 2)"
"education
While respecting the individual preferences of each prisoner, detaining powers must encourage educational pursuits and provide adequate facilities. (Convention III, Art. 38)
Prisoners must be allowed to receive educational materials, including books, scientific equipment, exams, musical instruments, and other materials that allow them to study. (Convention III, Art. 72)
The above also applies to internees. (Convention IV, Art. 94 and Art. 108)
Warring parties must see to the education of orphans or other children under 15 who have been separated from their parents. The education must be entrusted, when possible, to people of a similar cultural tradition. (Convention IV, Art. 24)
An occupying power must support existing school systems and make new arrangements, if necessary, for the education of orphans and children who have been separated from their parents . (Convention IV, Art. 50)"
"enforcement of Geneva Conventions
Each Geneva Convention and Protocol spells out enforcement procedures.
To start with, each party to the Conventions must seek out violators and bring them to trial. (Convention I, Art. 49)
In addition, parties may request an independent inquiry and umpire to resolve disputes between parties. (Convention I, Art. 52)
This inquiry may take the form of an international fact-finding commission, as outlined in Protocol I, Art. 90."
"enlistment
Occupying powers must not use pressure, coercion or propaganda to recruit civilians into the armed forces. (Convention IV, Art. 51)"
"environmental warfare
Methods or means of warfare that are intended or may be expected to case widespread, long-term and severe damage to the environment are prohibited. (Protocol I, Art. 35, Sec. 3)"
"ethnic cleansing
Mass forcible transfers of civilians in an occupied territory are prohibited, though the occupying power may evacuate people for safety reasons. Those evacuated must be transferred back to their homes as soon as hostilities have ceased. (Convention IV, Art. 49).
See deportation, transfer of civilians."
"evacuation of civilians
See transfer of civilians, danger zones."
"fair trial
The passing of sentences and the carrying out of executions are forbidden unless all the judicial guarantees which are recognized as indispensable by civilized people have been met and a regularly constituted court has pronounced a judgment. (Convention I, Art. 3, Sec 1d)
Depriving combatants, prisoners of war, refugees, or medical or religious personnel of a fair trail is a grave breach of the Geneva Convention. (Protocol I, Art. 85, Sec. 4e)"
"false pretenses
See perfidy."
To be continued.
I picked those out of consideration for:
* The first obvioius thing is of course the civilians,
* What infrastructure may and may not be damaged,
* When do you have the right to start a war,
This is what www.genevaconventions.org says:
"area bombardments
Area bombardments occur when a number of clearly separated military objectives are treated as a single military objective, and where there is a similar concentration of civilians or civilian objects. ( Protocol I, Art. 51 , Sec. 5a)
Area bombardments and other indiscriminate attacks are forbidden. ( Protocol I, Art. 57, Sec. 2b)
An indiscriminate attack affecting the civilian population or civilian objects and resulting in excessive loss of life, injury to civilians or damage to civilian objects is a grave breach of the Geneva Conventions. ( Protocol I, Art. 85, Sec. 3)"
"carpet bombing
Area bombardments and other indiscriminate attacks are forbidden. If it becomes apparent that an objective is not a military one, or if an attack is expected to cause incidental loss of civilian life, injury to civilians or damage to civilian objects then the attack must be canceled or suspended. (Protocol I, Art. 57, Sec. 2b)
An indiscriminate attack affecting the civilian population or civilian objects and resulting in excessive loss of life, injury to civilians or damage to civilian objects is a grave breach of the Geneva Conventions. (Protocol I, Art. 85, Sec. 3)"
"civilian
A civilian is any person who does not belong to any of the following categories: members of the armed forces, militias or volunteer corps, organized resistance movements, and residents of an occupied territory who spontaneously take up arms. If there is any doubt whether a person is civilian, then he or she is to be considered a civilian. (Protocol I, Art. 50, Sec. 1)"
"civilian population
The civilian population comprises all persons who are civilians. (Protocol I, Art. 50, Sec. 2)
The civilian population is protected under the Geneva Conventions and these protections are not affected by the presence of combatants in the population. (Protocol I, Art. 50, Sec. 3)
These protections include the right to be free from attacks, reprisals, acts meant to instill terror, and indiscriminate attacks. Civilian populations must not be used as civilian shields. (Protocol I, Art. 51)"
"civilian property
Combatants must distinguish between civilian and military property and attack only military property. (Protocol I, Art. 48)"
"civilian shields
Civilians must not be used to protect military installations or operations against attacks. (Protocol I, Art. 51, Sec. 7)"
"civilians, imprisonment of
Civilians who commit an offense against an occupying power which does not include an attempt against the lives of members of the occupying force or administration, pose a grave collective danger, or seriously damage property or installations of the occupying power may only be punished by internment or imprisonment. (Convention IV, Art. 68)
If civilians in an occupied territory are charged with an offense that carries a punishment of to two or more years of imprisonment, their protecting power must be notified immediately. If the notification is not received at least three weeks before the first hearing, the trial shall not proceed. (Convention IV, Art. 71)"
-Maybe we got the answer to why there are thousands of untrialed Lebanese and Palestinians in Isreali prisons.
"collateral damage
Weapons, projectiles and methods of warfare that cause superfluous injury or unnecessary suffering are prohibited. (Protocol I, Art. 35, Sec. 2)"
"collective penalties
Civilians must not be punished for offenses that they personally did not commit. Collective penalties, intimidation and penalties against civilian populations are prohibited. (Convention IV, Art. 33)"
"crimes against humanity
War crimes are againt the customary laws of war which are applicable in any conflict, regardless of whether the country in question is a signatory to the Geneva Convention. They include the rights listed in the common article 3 of the Geneva Conventions (Convention I, Article 3) and the basics of human rights law freedom from torture, mutilation and rape, slavery, and willful killing. Customary law also forbids genocide, crimes against humanity, as well as war crimes."
"customary law
Laws of war which are applicable in any conflict, regardless of whether the country in question is a signatory to the Geneva Convention. They include the rights listed in the common article 3 of the Geneva Conventions (Convention I, Article 3) and the basics of human rights law freedom from torture, mutilation and rape, slavery, and willful killing. Customary law also forbids genocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes."
"death squads
Murder of civilians is prohibited, as is sentencing and executions without benefit of a regularly constituted court affording all guarantees recognized as indispensable by civilized peoples. (Convention I, Art. 3, Sec. 1)"
"declaration of war
A declaration of war is not required in order for the Geneva Conventions to apply."
"drinking water
Attacks against civilian drinking water installation and irrigation works are prohibited. (Protocol I, Art. 54, Sec. 2)"
"education
While respecting the individual preferences of each prisoner, detaining powers must encourage educational pursuits and provide adequate facilities. (Convention III, Art. 38)
Prisoners must be allowed to receive educational materials, including books, scientific equipment, exams, musical instruments, and other materials that allow them to study. (Convention III, Art. 72)
The above also applies to internees. (Convention IV, Art. 94 and Art. 108)
Warring parties must see to the education of orphans or other children under 15 who have been separated from their parents. The education must be entrusted, when possible, to people of a similar cultural tradition. (Convention IV, Art. 24)
An occupying power must support existing school systems and make new arrangements, if necessary, for the education of orphans and children who have been separated from their parents . (Convention IV, Art. 50)"
"enforcement of Geneva Conventions
Each Geneva Convention and Protocol spells out enforcement procedures.
To start with, each party to the Conventions must seek out violators and bring them to trial. (Convention I, Art. 49)
In addition, parties may request an independent inquiry and umpire to resolve disputes between parties. (Convention I, Art. 52)
This inquiry may take the form of an international fact-finding commission, as outlined in Protocol I, Art. 90."
"enlistment
Occupying powers must not use pressure, coercion or propaganda to recruit civilians into the armed forces. (Convention IV, Art. 51)"
"environmental warfare
Methods or means of warfare that are intended or may be expected to case widespread, long-term and severe damage to the environment are prohibited. (Protocol I, Art. 35, Sec. 3)"
"ethnic cleansing
Mass forcible transfers of civilians in an occupied territory are prohibited, though the occupying power may evacuate people for safety reasons. Those evacuated must be transferred back to their homes as soon as hostilities have ceased. (Convention IV, Art. 49).
See deportation, transfer of civilians."
"evacuation of civilians
See transfer of civilians, danger zones."
"fair trial
The passing of sentences and the carrying out of executions are forbidden unless all the judicial guarantees which are recognized as indispensable by civilized people have been met and a regularly constituted court has pronounced a judgment. (Convention I, Art. 3, Sec 1d)
Depriving combatants, prisoners of war, refugees, or medical or religious personnel of a fair trail is a grave breach of the Geneva Convention. (Protocol I, Art. 85, Sec. 4e)"
"false pretenses
See perfidy."
To be continued.